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Equilibrium Sampling to Determine the Thermodynamic Potential for Bioaccumulation of Persistent Organic Pollutants from Sediment

机译：平衡取样确定沉积物中持久性有机污染物生物累积的热力学势

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Equilibrium partitioning (EqP) theory is currently the most widely used approach for linking sediment pollution by persistent hydrophobic organic chemicals to bioaccumulation. Most applications of the EqP approach assume (I) a generic relationship between organic carbon-normalized chemical concentrations in sediments and lipid-normalized concentrations in biota and (II) that bioaccumulation does not induce levels exceeding those expected from equilibrium partitioning. Here, we demonstrate that assumption I can be obviated by equilibrating a silicone sampler with chemicals in sediment, measuring chemical concentrations in the silicone, and applying lipid/silicone partition ratios to yield concentrations in lipid at thermodynamic equilibrium with the sediment (CLip⇌Sed). Furthermore, we evaluated the validity of assumption II by comparing CLip⇌Sed of selected persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic pollutants (polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB)) to lipid-normalized concentrations for a range of biota from a Swedish background lake. PCBs in duck mussels, roach, eel, pikeperch, perch and pike were mostly below the equilibrium partitioning level relative to the sediment, i.e., lipid-normalized concentrations were ≤CLip⇌Sed, whereas HCB was near equilibrium between biota and sediment. Equilibrium sampling allows straightforward, sensitive and precise measurement of CLip⇌Sed. We propose CLip⇌Sed as a metric of the thermodynamic potential for bioaccumulation of persistent organic chemicals from sediment useful to prioritize management actions to remediate contaminated sites.
机译：平衡分配（EqP）理论是目前使用最广泛的方法，用于将持久性疏水性有机化学物质的沉积物污染与生物蓄积联系起来。 EqP方法的大多数应用假设（I）沉积物中有机碳标准化的化学浓度与生物群中脂质标准化的浓度之间的一般关系，以及（II）生物蓄积不会引起超过平衡分配所期望的水平。在这里，我们证明了可以通过以下方法消除假设I：在沉积物中使化学物质与沉淀物中的化学物质平衡，测量硅中的化学物质浓度，并应用脂质/硅​​酮分配比在与沉淀物热力学平衡时产生脂质中的浓度（CLip⇌Sed） 。此外，我们通过比较选定的持久性，生物蓄积性和有毒污染物（多氯联苯（PCB）和六氯苯（HCB））与脂质归一化浓度（来自瑞典背景湖的一系列生物区系）的CLip⇌Sed来评估假设II的有效性。鸭贻贝，蟑螂，鳗鱼，鲈鱼，鲈鱼和鲈鱼中的多氯联苯大多低于相对于沉积物的平衡分配水平，即脂质归一化浓度≤CLipedSed，而六氯代苯接近生物群和沉积物之间的平衡。平衡采样可以实现CLip⇌Sed的直接，灵敏和精确的测量。我们建议将CLip⇌Sed作为沉积物中持久性有机化学物质生物蓄积的热力学潜力的量度，可用于优先采取管理措施来补救受污染的地点。

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